Dietary changes may assist manage hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. No "one-size-fits-all" diet for thyroid problems exists, however some foods may affect thyroid function or medication absorption and should be eaten in moderation or avoided. Limit or avoid these foods if you have a thyroid disorder.
Cruciferous Vegetables: While cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and kale are nutrient-dense and offer many health benefits, they contain compounds called goitrogens, which can interfere with thyroid function when consumed in large amounts. Cooking these vegetables can help reduce the goitrogenic effect.
Soy Products: Soy contains compounds called isoflavones, which can interfere with thyroid hormone production and absorption, particularly when consumed in large amounts. It's advisable to moderate your intake of soy products such as soy milk, tofu, tempeh, and soy-based supplements.
Gluten: Some individuals with thyroid disorders, particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis (an autoimmune condition causing hypothyroidism), may have gluten sensitivity or celiac disease. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives. Some studies suggest that eliminating gluten from the diet may help improve thyroid function and reduce autoimmune-related inflammation in susceptible individuals.
Processed Foods: Processed foods, including sugary snacks, refined grains, fast food, and packaged meals, often contain unhealthy fats, excessive sodium, and artificial additives, which can negatively impact thyroid health and overall well-being. Opt for whole, unprocessed foods whenever possible to support thyroid function and overall health.
Excessive Iodine: While iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, excessive iodine intake can be harmful, especially for individuals with thyroid disorders. Avoid consuming excessively iodized salt, seaweed, kelp supplements, and other high-iodine foods if you have a thyroid condition, as they may exacerbate thyroid dysfunction.
High-Fiber Foods: High-fiber foods, such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, can interfere with thyroid medication absorption when consumed in large amounts. It's advisable to separate your thyroid medication intake from high-fiber meals or supplements by a few hours to ensure optimal absorption.
Alcohol and Caffeine: Alcohol and caffeine can interfere with thyroid hormone production and metabolism, exacerbating thyroid dysfunction in some individuals. Limit your intake of alcoholic beverages and caffeinated drinks, and opt for healthier beverage options like herbal teas and water.
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